Wood windows are a defining feature of historic homes in New Orleans, contributing to their character and architectural integrity. When properly maintained, original windows can last centuries—far longer than modern replacements. Understanding the types of wood windows commonly found in the city can help homeowners make informed decisions about maintenance and restoration, ensuring their home remains both beautiful and functional.
Common Types of Wood Windows in New Orleans
Wood windows can be categorized by their operation and design, including the number of panes, or “lites,” they contain. Different historic periods and architectural styles in New Orleans are associated with specific window types:
- Casement Windows: Hinged on the side and swing outward, often in pairs. Common in Creole cottages and townhouses.
- Sash Windows: Operable windows with one or more movable sashes that slide vertically up and down. Single-hung windows have one movable sash, while double-hung windows have two. Sash windows are the most common in New Orleans homes.
- Fixed Windows: Stationary windows that do not open, often used for decorative purposes or as transoms above doors.
The Importance of Lite Patterns
Historic wood windows in New Orleans evolved with architectural styles, featuring distinctive lite patterns that reflect different eras. Within each window are a pattern of glass panes called “lites”, which are separated by muntins. For example, a double-hung window with six panes in the upper sash and nine in the lower sash would be referred to as a “six-over-nine” window, which were common in Italianate style homes.
In 18th and early 19th century homes and colonial buildings, smaller panes of glass were typically used due to manufacturing limitations. As glass technology improved throughout the 19th century, larger panes became standard as they became more economical and widespread. Some later architectural styles, such Colonial Revival and Queen Anne, reintroduced smaller panes for aesthetics rather than practical reasons.
In the early 20th century, windows in Bungalow, Craftsman, and Eclectic Revival homes often featured distinctive arrangements of small and large panes, such as six-over-one. Whether for technical, economic, or aesthetic reasons, lite patterns play an integral role in the rhythm and visual appeal of historic home facades.
Maintaining and Restoring Historic Wood Windows
Regular maintenance is essential to preserve the function of your wood windows and keep them weatherproof, preventing unwanted water and air intrusion. Issues like peeling paint, stuck sashes, minor rot, or missing glazing putty are often repairable, restoring windows to their original beauty and function.
If a window is beyond repair however, finding a replacement that matches the original in size, shape, proportions, profiles, and lite pattern is vital to maintaining your home’s historic integrity. Consider these options:
- Architectural salvage yards: Local salvage shops can be a great resource for period-appropriate wood windows. Some may still be in their original jambs with the pulley hardware intact
- Custom Fabrication: Skilled woodworkers specializing in historic wood windows and doors can craft period-appropriate replicas. Oftentimes, this option is more cost-effective than factory-made windows and provides a more accurate match to your home’s style.
If you need to replace multiple windows and cost is a concern, prioritize using wood replacements for windows visible from the street. Alternative materials such as vinyl or aluminum should be limited to less visible areas like side or rear elevations. Additionally, if your home originally had operable wood shutters, restoring or replacing them in kind enhances both function and curb appeal. Inoperable or incongruous replacement shutters should not be installed, as shutters are integral to the appearance and utility of historic buildings.
This simple Creole Cottage on St. Philip Street was built in 1805 by Jean-Louis Dolliole, a master builder and free person of color, and restored by Frank and Ann Masson in the 1980s. Its solid wood shutters are typical of Creole structures from the time.
Navigating Regulations for Window Restoration
If your home is in a historic district, the Historic District Landmarks Commission (HDLC) or the Vieux Carré Commission (VCC) may require review and approval for window restoration or replacement. In some cases, owners may need to replace existing non-historic windows with period-appropriate alternatives. Researching your home’s original design can help ensure compliance and maintain its historical authenticity.
Protecting the Character of Your Home
Over the life of a building, some or all of the windows may have been replaced, which can significantly impact its historic character. Even if dimensions and lite patterns are maintained, modern materials can alter the overall appearance. Reducing the number of lites or using non-wood materials can flatten a home’s façade, diminishing its historic charm. Thoughtful restoration preserves not only the architectural heritage of your home but also its value.
Learn More & Get Expert Advice
Historic windows are just one element of a home’s overall design. When planning renovations, an architect ensures that all the details—including windows, shutters, doors, and trim—work together harmoniously. At our firm, we take a holistic approach to restoration, helping homeowners maintain the integrity of their historic homes while improving functionality and longevity.
If you’re considering a historic home renovation, let’s discuss how we can help you feel confident that your restoration decisions honor the home’s history and architectural style. Contact us today to start the conversation.
For additional information, explore these resources:
- Vieux Carré Commission Guidelines for Windows & Doors
- Historic District Landmarks Commission Guidelines for Windows and Doors
- National Park Service: Repairing Historic Wooden Windows
- Vieux Carré Commission Guidelines for Exterior Painting
- National Park Service: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork
- National Park Service: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork
The Preservation Resource Center of New Orleans (PRCNO) is also wonderful resource for articles and guides, free workshops, and instructional videos for historic wood windows and more.
